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明星代言:有规矩才成方圆******

  【影视锐评】

  作者:任孟山(北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员,中国传媒大学研究生院院长、教授)

  近日,市场监管总局会同中央网信办、文化和旅游部、广电总局、银保监会、证监会、国家电影局等七部门联合印发《关于进一步规范明星广告代言活动的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》),对包括知名艺人、娱乐明星、网络红人等在内的明星代言活动做出明确具体、更具操作性的规定,为坚持正确广告宣传导向、廓清行业风气、营造良好社会环境、维护广告市场秩序、保障消费者合法权益等提供更为有效的保障。其中强化对明星代言的约束部分,引发了业界的普遍关注。

  以前明星代言一出了问题,往往是公司作为明星的“马甲”,代为受罚。而公司受罚到一定程度,往往会注销了事或者归于静默。明星不再以此公司从事相关活动,转而由新法人注册新公司,继续运营。《指导意见》规定“对于明星虚假、违法代言的,要坚决依法处罚到明星本人,不得以处罚明星经纪公司替代对明星的处罚”。这就将处罚具体到了明星本人。不仅如此,《指导意见》还强调,“对于明星虚假、违法代言情节恶劣的,要加强公开曝光,依法依规列入个人诚信记录,加强失信联合惩戒”。在现代社会,如果被列入失信名单,就意味着个人的社会信用有污点。这不仅会降低明星本人的品牌价值,还会制约明星生活的方方面面。因此,此政一出,大大提高了明星代言的违规成本,势必使明星在产品代言中更多谨慎小心。

  不过,处罚毕竟发生在出现不良后果之后。若要治本,从源头消除明星代言的不规范行为,则需完善法律法规,从代言行为的初始阶段开始制约监督。正因如此,《指导意见》中关于“明星本人应当充分使用代言商品,保证在使用时间或者数量上足以产生日常消费体验;象征性购买或者使用代言商品不应认定为广告代言人已经依法履行使用商品的义务”的规定,乍看上去出人意料,细想起来很是到位。所谓明星,要么有脍炙人口的作品,要么有深入人心的角色,要么有惹人关注的话题。这些特质容易吸引大众的注意力。厂家之所以愿意找明星代言,正是看重这些明星的注意力资源。很多影视演员在短时间蹿红,各种产品代言立刻找上门来,使注意力资源有了变现的可能。但注意力资源并不稳定,甚至是转瞬即逝的。有的明星生怕过了这个村没有这个店,为了在短时间内将利益最大化,在高额代言费的诱惑下对代言产品来者不拒。他们当中有的人被各种事务缠身,根本没时间了解代言产品。代言时,只得按照事先准备好的广告词照本宣科,利用明星光环和营销话术,吹嘘甚至夸大产品质量功效。有的人则代言并不适合自己或与自己原本的生活消费理念相悖的产品。比如某明星明明为了保持身材只吃健康食品,却在广告里热情推荐大家购买快餐、速食。某明星自己只用价格昂贵的高端护肤品、保养品,却代言中低档产品。还有代言金融产品的明星,自己没有投过一分钱,却在广告中言之凿凿地说收益颇丰。这种明星不珍惜自身形象,只看重眼前利益,演艺事业之路注定走不长远。从这个角度看,《指导意见》从全流程规范明星代言行动,明确其责任,对于捋顺明星代言市场行为规范大有裨益。

  当然,有规矩才能成方圆,外在约束在很大程度上遏制了代言乱象。但要想根除明星代言的各种问题,还需要明星乃至整个文娱和广告行业转变观念,将社会责任放在经济利益的前面。明星及其经纪团队要懂得广告主花巨资请明星代言,是因为受众将作品或角色的光环转移到商品上来。好的代言可以使明星的个人魅力和作品或角色魅力同频共振,实现双赢。而不好的代言则可能使明星名声受损。所以必须立足本业,不断创作优秀的作品或角色,才能一直拥有“明星范儿”。接代言时必须谨慎,时刻将声誉、信誉、品德放在首要位置,做好产品审查工作,做到合规合法,合乎受众的期待。

  总而言之,在代言之前,明星要潜心生产创作,提高道德修养,推出更多优秀作品。代言开始时,明星要在真实使用产品、全面了解商家之后做出谨慎决定。在代言过程中,产品一旦有问题,明星本人必须为虚假代言等行为受到相应惩罚,体会到决策不谨慎引发之“痛”。多管齐下,才能还广告市场和文娱领域一片清朗的天空。

  《光明日报》( 2023年01月11日 15版)

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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